2013.6.2 Visual Communication & Cultural Meaning --- Human Responsibility On Culture

HUMAN RESPONSIBILITY

ON CULTURE

Directory

 

    1   Introduce food culture                (  3  )

    2   Diet culture development             (  6  )

3   Others                                (  8  )

4   Conclusion                            (  9  )

 

 

 

 

Zhao Kaiyun

 

 

 

 

Oriental food culture and western diet culture   

 

Diet culture involves the development and utilization of food source, the use of tableware and innovation, food production and consumption, catering service and reception, catering and food industry management and management, as well as diet and peaceful country and safe people, diet and realm of literature and art, diet and life relations, such as deep breadth. From the denotation, the diet culture can from time and technique, geographical and economic, ethnic and religious, food and tableware, consumption and hierarchy, folk custom and function, and other classified Angle, show different cultural taste, reflects different use value, colorful. As the saying goes, is to fill the stomach, it is a word "eat". Form primitive, only to solve one of the most basic physiological needs. East and west, appears to be a geographical problem, but the actual is a cultural issue. East, mainly refers to the Asian cultural sphere, especially in the area of radiation of Chinese civilization, and the west, is on the impact of Greek and Roman civilization in Europe and the region.

 

Culture covers all aspects of the philosophy, politics, economy, life, one of the important elements in the diet is the human survival and the important of nature also has the differences between east and west. I will talk about the common points and differentia about them.

 

 

 

Introduce food culture

Ⅰ. Oriental food culture

     Figure 1: Chinese chicken

The Chinese civilization has a long history, it is the earliest dawn of human civilization shine to the place. In prehistoric times there will be a high level of development. Original routes and nomadic life, with the advent of farming, gradually into a settled life. Settled in after life mainly depends on the land to crops as the main source of food. And settled in the stable life of the population of a large number of breeding, cause food shortages, further land reclamation, makes comparison of agriculture is becoming more and more animal husbandry was greatly inhibited. In the human food, mainly vegetarian. There are meat, of course, but restricted by conditions, only the upper class people can frequently eat to. So in ancient times said more status "carnivore" is this meaning. Most people can only with vegetarian food is given priority to, the so-called "corn five fruit to raise, for help, five livestock for profit," five dishes for the filling. Means that people living with grain as the main nutrition, fruit kind of food also play an auxiliary role, can add some meat food is beneficial to the body, vegetables can help us to compensatory nutrition. This is our ancient dietary patterns, there are subjective choice, but more is a limitation of objective conditions. Oriental society, represented by China, is mainly to eat by chopsticks. Is the two small sticks. In western view, really amazing. So two stick, can with changeless should million change, deal with all the food. Small chopsticks can get the essence of Chinese civilization. Not chopsticks called chopsticks in ancient times, is called zhu, Li Baiyou chopsticks cannot eat cup "stop," poetry is the chopsticks. Historical records shang king zhou decadent, use is like chopsticks, which is made of ivory chopsticks. Before this can be in, at that time, but then why again called chopsticks instead? It is said with ancient jiangnan boaters. , in the south of the Yangtze river water times, so many people travel for a living. In the process of the sail to eat, also cannot leave the chopsticks, but zhu and homophones, afraid of ship sail to ah, for it to change a name, called fast, also is to make the boat go faster. Add bamboo head, is the chopsticks.

 

 

 

Ⅱ. Western food culture

Figure 2: pizza

Western society is mainly composed of nomadic people. Nomadic nomadic life, have no fixed place, also few crops planting and harvest. Main sources of food is meat, from grazing cows, horses and prey, etc. In addition to the animal's milk, which feed on meat and milk. Although with the development of the society, the nation also established their own countries, have a fixed place to live, but this eating pattern or continue down. The westerners eat with what? Is a knife and fork, this and their nomadic habits are inseparable. Nomadic people often want to contend for a plot of land and other tribes, they eat very not busy, food is mainly meat, usually is the whole animal leg or something, then how to eat this food to the corners of the mouth? Often the tools at hand is a knife, cut the meat with the knife, into the mouth. After they have a stable life, or as when eating with a knife. But slowly, also found that there is not convenient place, with a knife after use a knife to cut the meat into the mouth directly, is not very safe, and there is not enough refinement, and created a fork. Fork is two heads at the beginning, slowly and with three heads, so that more. Fork cannot be used alone, must be in front, with a knife in the back with a fork. Knife and fork, not more than 500 years history. Compared with Chinese chopsticks, is baby.

 

 

Diet culture development

In fact, there are a lot of people think that food determines the east-west cultural spirit and directions. Inhabitants in east and South Asia area is staple food with rice and wheat, while people in Europe represents a significant proportion of meat in their diet, and supplemented by animal oil and so on, so in comparison, the European people body shape so much, and has a strong pioneering spirit. The European Renaissance and industrial revolution, and Europe of all ethnic groups of constantly fusion, expanding has a lot to do. While European character, in which the factors are also cannot be ignored. But carefully inspect these arguments, we can find that the facts may not be that people generally think of it. Roman Colosseum warriors are eat black beans and cereal and almost not into the meat, the Roman army, too, but these mainly carbohydrate food did not affect their strength. Moreover, many people who are vegetarians violent burning residue, such as Hitler, vegetarian doesn't seem to let their personality become composed kindness.

 

 

Ⅰ. Oriental food culture

 

In ancient China, animal become a event of the national economy and people's livelihood. But due to atrophy of the animal husbandry, often have work enough grief, so the han dynasty have declared wan said of plough, tillage method for people in the tang dynasty, song dynasty has the type of tread plough, the Ming dynasty have DaiGeng this substitute labor work practice. According to the ancients, a cow may take 7 to 10 people, a cow has less need at least 7 labor to complement, this will inevitably lead to the increase in population. And the increase of population, in turn, increased the burden of agriculture and land. It is a vicious cycle. Rulers see cattle as important wealth. They sacrifice cows, fasting, beef. Until the qing dynasty, the palace of recipe is still only pigs, sheep, but no beef. In certain period in ancient China, private kill cattle and even sentenced to heavy.

 

Ⅱ. Western food culture

 

Western animal husbandry is largely depend on the raw material of production, at the same time it clearly reflected on cattle and sheep. As early as 200 BC, the Romans developed a hair thin and thick (pavilion; Later, agronomist g road beauty's uncle Matthew, grams and Melanesia will successfully (pavilion sheep sheep crossing from Africa and got a thick white fine wool. Cross breeding led to the 13th century and 14 at the turn of the century, the Spanish fine merino wool. The sheep after hybridization and improved the ancestors of fine wool sheep in Europe and America. Also on the credit value, and then develop a special sheep, and mutton sheep breeds. Other livestock breeding has the trend of specialization. Due attention to livestock breed improvement and conscious cultivation of xu li, ancient europeans breeding a large number of large animals. According to records, in a big village, in the middle of 12 per tenant about 20 sheep, and the number of sheep when the lords have is tens of thousands. To 13 British crowley slaves an average cow two per head, sometimes even over three heads. And these surplus cattle, to the ancient europeans food structure influence is also visible. How to deal with the relationship between the farming and animal husbandry, the ancient eastern and western culture, the spirit of the material being unusually vivid on this issue. In dealing with animal food, inside collect calm east, despite the "main" in eight hundred, the luxury of meat, but in general tend to be conservative. Ancient europeans are more diligence, on the contrary, the kokang, positive for variety improvement, and finally opened the breakthrough on the wool textile industry, led to the outbreak of the industrial revolution.

 

 

Others

 

Westerners believe that food is to appease hunger, so eat large pieces of meat, whole chickens and other "hard vegetables." While China's cuisine is "taste", so the Chinese cooking in materials also show great randomness: many westerners as a outcast things, are excellent raw materials in China, foreign chefs can't handle things, to a Chinese chef hands, it can be changed decayed for magical. When westerners introduce their diet characteristics, feel more attaches great importance to the reasonable collocation of nutrition than China, have more developed food industry, such as canned, fast food, tastes the same, but saves time, and good nutrition, so the human body of their country is generally robust than the Chinese: tall, long legs, broad shoulders and developed muscle; Small size, shoulder narrow but Chinese people are generally short legs weak, color yellow. Someone according to the feature of Chinese and western diet object obvious difference, called the Chinese plant character, westerners called animal character.

 

There is a lot of difference between Chinese and western ways of eating, the difference of national character may also be affected. In China, any a banquet, whatever the purpose, will only have one form, is all round and round round, sharing one seat. Banquet with round table, this formally created an atmosphere of unity, courtesy and common interest. A table delicacies in the center of the people, it is both a table people appreciate, tasting objects, again is a table of emotional communication medium. People toast each other, each other for food, to food, the good things in front, embodies the mutual respect between people, the virtues of comity. Although from the health point of view, this diet way has obvious deficiencies, but it conforms to the general state of mind that our national "happy", reflects Chinese classical philosophy "and" the category to offspring thought, facilitate collective emotional communication, and yet difficult to reform.

 

Western catering, food and wine although is very important, but in fact it is as a foil. Party's core is companionship, through the conversation with the guests, to achieve the purpose of companionship. If the dinner party and dance analogy, then, to say the Chinese banquet is like collective dance, and western banquet is like men and women dancing. Thus, the purpose of Chinese banquet and western banquet companionship is very obvious, only Chinese banquet more reflected in the feast of the communion, but western banquet more reflected the friendship between adjacent guests. With the Chinese diet differences are more obvious western popular buffet. This method is: put all the food on display one by one, we need, don't have to be on the table to eat, walking around freedom, this way is convenient for emotional communication between individuals, don't have to keep all on the table, also shows the westerners' respect for individuality, self. But each have each, each other is not interfered with, lack of the emotional appeal of some Chinese talk huan jihs.

 

 

Conclusion

 

So, Contrast notice "flavour" Chinese food, western is a rational diet idea. Regardless of food color, fragrance, taste, shape how to, and nutritional must be guaranteed, pay attention to a day to absorb how many quantity of heat, vitamin, protein and so on. Even taste machine-made, also must eat to go down -- because nutritious. This diet idea with western whole philosophy system is adapted. Metaphysics is the main characteristic of western philosophy. The object of study for things of the western philosophy, the bedding things is often metaphysical theory, metaphysical academic coherent with each other, and form metaphysical philosophy. This philosophy to western culture with life and make it in natural sciences, psychology and methodology realized the development by leaps and bounds. But in other aspects, this philosophy advocated greatly played the role of obstacles, such as food culture. In the banquet on, can pay attention to tableware, pay attention to materials, pay attention to service, pay attention to the form of raw materials, color of dishes in collocation; But no matter how luxury, from Los Angeles to New York, the steaks are only a kind of flavor, no art to speak of. As dishes, chicken is chicken, steak is steak, even if has matching, that is in the plate, a plate of "French lamb chops", to put mashed potatoes, lean lamb chops, beside the other side with boiled green beans, adds several piece of tomatoes then. Comparative and bright color, but are unrelated, all kinds of raw materials on the taste, is our different flavour, simple and clear. Chinese are very seriously "eat", "saying" claims the saying means that we eat to see and day just as important as. Because our national for thousands of years are in a low level of productivity, people always do not have enough to eat, so just can have a unique eat to see everything diet culture, I think, this is probably from a survival needs it. If a culture put ate as primary, so will appear two phenomena: on one hand will eat this kind of function to the limit, not only survive, also use it to maintain health, that is "medicine is better than to eat the cultural basis; To eat too much attention, on the other hand, can make the person praise highly of delicious pursuit. In Chinese cookery, pursuit delicious reached almost acme, so that Chinese people abroad to make a living, have to open restaurants for industry, become our living in the world the fundamental! Unfortunately, when we put the pursuit of delicious as the first requirement, we neglected the food the most fundamental nutritional value, a lot of our traditional foods are through hot Fried and long time Tun cook, make the nutrition ingredient of the dish, many nutrients are loss in the machining process. So when it comes to nutrition problem, in fact touched on the biggest weakness of the Chinese food culture. Folk have a saying: "the food to taste first". Is the pursuit of delicious make us ignore the real meaning of dinner. Chinese people are tasting the food, often say this dish "delicious", that dish is "not delicious"; However if you want to further ask what is "delicious", why "tasty", where "delicious", I'm afraid it is not easy to make myself clear. This shows that Chinese on diet pursuit is a kind of hard to talk of "artistic conception", which USES people usually say of "color, aroma, taste, shape and implement" to the "state", I'm afraid it is still hard to cover it. Chinese diet has its unique charm, the key lies in its taste. And delicious, is to reconcile, to make the flavor of food, after heating cooked taste, together with the flavor of the ingredients and materials and condiments of harmonic, coordinate combine together, make it supplement each other, mutual penetration, cozy, pretences-or, I have you in. Chinese cooking pay attention to the harmonic beauty, is the essence of the Chinese cooking art. Menu items of shape and color is something external, but taste is inside, heavy internal and not decorate painstakingly appearance, heavy dishes taste and not show too much dishes shape and color, this is China and the United States diet view most important performance.

in the final analysis or perceptual and rational differences. However, this difference seems to be along with the development of science and become blurred. More and more Chinese people with no longer only pay attention to food color, fragrance, taste, and pay more attention to its health and nutrition. Especially after SARS later. Also, people because more and more busy job, think Chinese food do up too much trouble, as to a hamburger and convenient. So on food differences is not too clear.